Tumor Microenvironment (TME)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the environment around a tumor mass that consists not only of cancer cells but also of stromal cells, neovessels, immune cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). TME plays key roles in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Understanding TME is critical for the development of anti-cancer therapies.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)

Angiogenesis

In TME, uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to hypoxia which triggers angiogenesis for tumor growth and metastasis. An increasing number of studies indicated that angiogenesis and immunomodulation interact closely. The pro-angiogenic factors not only induce the formation of tumor vasculature, but also suppress the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) or recruiting immunosuppressive cells. The tumor vasculature serve as a barrier for CTLs, as well as disables and kills CTLs. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive cells, in turn, promote tumor angiogenesis, which disrupted anti-tumor immunity. Combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have become important strategies in cancer treatment.

Microvascular Density Antibody Panel (ARG30327)

Tumor immune microenvironment

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) contains numerous immune cells. These cells include anti-tumor lymphocytes such as CTLs and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as pro-tumor cells with immunosuppressive functions, such as regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TIME plays a significant role in tumor immune surveillance and tumor immune escape. Understanding the TIME is essential for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Antibody Panel (ARG30334)

M1/M2/TAM Marker Antibody Panel (ARG30333)