Overview

Product Description	Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes Parkin
Tested Reactivity	Hu, Ms
Tested Application	FACS, ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Isotype	IgG
Target Name	Parkin
Antigen Species	Human
Immunogen	Synthetic peptide derived from Human Parkin.
Conjugation	Un-conjugated
Alternate Names	AR-JP; EC 6.3.2.-; PRKN; Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; PDJ; Parkin; LPRS2; Parkinson disease protein 2

Application Instructions

Application Suggestion	Tested Application Dilution FACS 1:50 ICC/IF 1:50 - 1:200 IHC-P 1:50 - 1:200 WB 1:500 - 1:2000
Application Note	IHC-P: Antigen retrieval: Heat mediation in a EDTA buffer. * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist.
Positive Control	Jurkat
Observed Size	~ 52 kDa

Properties

Form	Liquid
Purification	Affinity purified.
Buffer	PBS (pH 7.4), 0.02% Sodium azide and 50% Glycerol.
Preservative	0.02% Sodium azide
Stabilizer	50% Glycerol
Storage Instruction	For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use.
Note	For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use.

Bioinformation

Database Links	GeneID: 5071 Human PARK2 GeneID: 50873 Mouse PARK2 Swiss-port # O60260 Human E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin Swiss-port # Q9WVS6 Mouse E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Gene Symbol	PARK2
Gene Full Name	parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
Background	The precise function of this gene is unknown; however, the encoded protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Parkinson disease and autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants of this gene have been described but currently lack transcript support. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function	Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPT5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins such as PARK7: 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins are then recognized by HDAC6, leading to their recruitment to aggresomes, followed by degradation. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP, possibly playing a role in Lewy-body formation. Mediates monoubiquitination of BCL2, thereby acting as a positive regulator of autophagy. Promotes the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria (mitophagy) by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins such as TOMM20, RHOT1/MIRO1 and USP30. Preferentially assembles 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains following mitochondrial damage, leading to mitophagy. Mediates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of ZNF746, followed by degradation of ZNF746 by the proteasome; possibly playing a role in the regulation of neuron death. Limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis. In collaboration with CHPF isoform 2, may enhance cell viability and protect cells from oxidative stress. Independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity, protects from apoptosis by the transcriptional repression of p53/TP53. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene. [UniProt]
Cellular Localization	Mitochondrion. [UniProt]
Calculated MW	52 kDa
PTM	Auto-ubiquitinates in an E2-dependent manner leading to its own degradation (PubMed:19229105). Also polyubiquitinated by RNF41 for proteasomal degradation. S-nitrosylated. The inhibition of PRKN ubiquitin E3 ligase activity by S-nitrosylation could contribute to the degenerative process in PD by impairing the ubiquitination of PRKN substrates. Phosphorylation at Ser-65 by PINK1 contributes to activate PRKN activity. It is however not sufficient and requires binding to phosphorylated ubiquitin as well. [UniProt]

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