ARG22203

anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) antibody

anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) antibody for Dot blot,ELISA,ICC/IF,Immunohistochemistry,Immunoprecipitation,Western blot and Human,Mouse,Rat

Overview

Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes Amyloid Oligomers (A11)
Tested Reactivity Hu, Ms, Rat
Tested Application Dot, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB
Specificity Recognizes all types of amyloid oligomers. Appears to recognize a peptide backbone epitope that is common to amyloid oligomers, but is not found in native proteins, amyloidogenic monomer.
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Target Name Amyloid Oligomers (A11)
Antigen Species Human
Immunogen Synthetic molecular mimic of soluble oligomers
Conjugation Un-conjugated
Alternate Names AAA; AD1; PN2; ABPP; APPI; CVAP; ABETA; PN-II; CTFgamma

Application Instructions

Application Suggestion
Tested Application Dilution
DotAssay-dependent
ELISAAssay-dependent
ICC/IFAssay-dependent
IHCAssay-dependent
IP1:1000
WB1:1000
Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist.

Properties

Form Liquid
Purification Purification with Protein A.
Buffer PBS, 0.09% Sodium azide and 50% Glycerol
Preservative 0.09% Sodium azide
Stabilizer 50% Glycerol
Storage Instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use.
Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use.

Bioinformation

Database Links

GeneID: 11820 Mouse APP

GeneID: 351 Human APP

GeneID: 54226 Rat APP

Gene Symbol APP
Gene Full Name amyloid beta precursor protein
Cellular Localization Membrane
Calculated MW 87 kDa. (79 - 120 kDa depending on glycosylation level)
PTM Proteolytically processed under normal cellular conditions. Cleavage either by alpha-secretase, beta-secretase or theta-secretase leads to generation and extracellular release of soluble APP peptides, S-APP-alpha and S-APP-beta, and the retention of corresponding membrane-anchored C-terminal fragments, C80, C83 and C99. Subsequent processing of C80 and C83 by gamma-secretase yields P3 peptides. This is the major secretory pathway and is non-amyloidogenic. Alternatively, presenilin/nicastrin-mediated gamma-secretase processing of C99 releases the amyloid beta proteins, amyloid-beta 40 (Abeta40) and amyloid-beta 42 (Abeta42), major components of amyloid plaques, and the cytotoxic C-terminal fragments, gamma-CTF(50), gamma-CTF(57) and gamma-CTF(59). Many other minor beta-amyloid peptides, beta-amyloid 1-X peptides, are found in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) including the beta-amyloid X-15 peptides, produced from the cleavage by alpha-secretase and all terminating at Gln-686.
Proteolytically cleaved by caspases during neuronal apoptosis. Cleavage at Asp-739 by either caspase-6, -8 or -9 results in the production of the neurotoxic C31 peptide and the increased production of beta-amyloid peptides.
N- and O-glycosylated. O-glycosylation on Ser and Thr residues with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Partial tyrosine glycosylation (Tyr-681) is found on some minor, short beta-amyloid peptides (beta-amyloid 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-18, 1-19 and 1-20) but not found on beta-amyloid 38, beta-amyloid 40 nor on beta-amyloid 42. Modification on a tyrosine is unusual and is more prevelant in AD patients. Glycans had Neu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr, Neu5AcNeu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr and O-AcNeu5AcNeu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr structures, where O-Ac is O-acetylation of Neu5Ac. Neu5AcNeu5Ac is most likely Neu5Ac 2,8Neu5Ac linked. O-glycosylations in the vicinity of the cleavage sites may influence the proteolytic processing. Appicans are L-APP isoforms with O-linked chondroitin sulfate.
Phosphorylation in the C-terminal on tyrosine, threonine and serine residues is neuron-specific. Phosphorylation can affect APP processing, neuronal differentiation and interaction with other proteins. Phosphorylated on Thr-743 in neuronal cells by Cdc5 kinase and Mapk10, in dividing cells by Cdc2 kinase in a cell-cycle dependent manner with maximal levels at the G2/M phase and, in vitro, by GSK-3-beta. The Thr-743 phosphorylated form causes a conformational change which reduces binding of Fe65 family members. Phosphorylation on Tyr-757 is required for SHC binding. Phosphorylated in the extracellular domain by casein kinases on both soluble and membrane-bound APP. This phosphorylation is inhibited by heparin.
Extracellular binding and reduction of copper, results in a corresponding oxidation of Cys-144 and Cys-158, and the formation of a disulfide bond. In vitro, the APP-Cu(+) complex in the presence of hydrogen peroxide results in an increased production of beta-amyloid-containing peptides.
Trophic-factor deprivation triggers the cleavage of surface APP by beta-secretase to release sAPP-beta which is further cleaved to release an N-terminal fragment of APP (N-APP).
Beta-amyloid peptides are degraded by IDE.

Images (1) Click the Picture to Zoom In

  • ARG22203 anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) antibody IHC image

    Immunohistochemistry: Formalin-fixed Human Alzheimer's Disease brain stained with ARG22203 anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) antibody at 1:1000. Secondary Antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit ATTO 594 (red). (A) ARG22204 anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) antibody. (B) ARG22203 anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) antibody. (C) Composite.