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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is controlled by numerous mechanisms ensuring correct cell division. Cell division consists of two consecutive processes, mainly characterized by DNA replication (S phase), proceeding after G1 interphase; and segregation of replicated chromosomes into two separate cells (M phase), following G2 phase. Cyclin E is upregulated during G1/S progression whereas Cyclin A and Cyclin B are expressed highly during G2/M progression. Phosphorylated Histone H3 is a distinct marker for Mitosis and often used in determining cells undergoing M-phase in a proliferating populations. arigo’s Cell Cycle Marker Panel provides a useful tool as markers for cells undergoing different phases in cell cycle.
The Retinoblastoma protein (Rb), encoded by the RB1 gene, is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and has an important role in numerous aspects of biology, including DNA damage response, apoptosis, senescence and differentiation. Rb is an important regulator of the cell cycle that acts predominantly by binding to and inhibiting the gene transactivation by E2F transcription factors, which would otherwise induce the expression of genes that enhance cell cycle progression. The biological function of Rb is critically regulated by protein phosphorylation. Hypophosphorylated Rb interacts with E2F, thereby acting as the biologically active form of Rb. Conversely, hyperphosphorylated Rb is unable to bind E2F proteins, thereby allowing E2F to promote cell cycle progression.
DNA damage signaling cascades are complex that require the actions of various proteins. When single or double DNA strain break occurs (SSB or DSB), MRN contributes to the recruitment and activation of the apical DDR kinase ATM, while RPA recruits the ATR kinase via its partner protein, ATRIP. Activated ATM/ATR will then phosphorylate a few target proteins, including p53, Histone H2A, and Chk1/Chk2, triggering downstream signaling pathway to halt cell cycle progression. This antibody panel investigates the response of DNA damage. Activation of ATM by autophosphorylation on Ser1981 occurs in response to DNA double strand breaks. Chk1 and Chk2, downstream protein kinases of ATM/ATR, play important role in DNA damage checkpoint control, embryonic development and tumor suppression. Chk1 is phosphorylated at Ser280 and Ser296 upon DNA damage. The amino-terminal domain of Chk2 contains a series of seven serine or threonine residues, where Thr68 and Ser516 in this region became phosphorylated by ATM/ATR. Downstream target, gamma-H2AX, is phosphorylated at serine139 in responsive to DNA DSB. Phosphorylation of another downstream target p53 on serine 15 and 37 residues inhibit its interaction with Mdm2.
ARG51633 Rb pSer780 antibody	ARG63080 p21 antibody [WA-1] (Human primary fibroblasts)	ARG54677 p19 INK4d antibody
ARG51386 CDK6 antibody	ARG51834 MDM2 pSer166 antibody (Methanol-fixed HeLa cells)	ARG52923 Cyclin D1 antibody [SP4] (Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma)
Catalog No. Product Name Clonality Applications Reactivity ARG52473 14-3-3 beta antibody Rabbit pAB ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB H, M, R ARG63881 14-3-3 sigma / Stratifin antibody Goat pAB WB, IHC H ARG51169 14-3-3 zeta antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG20074 Akt (pan) antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IP, IHC H, M, R, Bo ARG51558 Akt pSer473 antibody Rabbit pAB ICC/IF, IHC, WB H, M, R ARG51559 Akt pThr308 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H, M, R ARG54456 ATM antibody Goat pAB WB, IP H, M ARG51623 ATM pSer1981 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M ARG54457 ATR antibody Rabbit pAB WB H, M ARG51635 CDC2 pThr161 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG51731 CDC2 pTyr15 antibody Rabbit pAB WB H, M, R ARG62431 CDC25A antibody [DCS-120] Mouse mAB WB, IP R, H ARG51638 CDC25A pSer76 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG54731 CDC25A pThr507 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H ARG52239 CDK1 (pTyr15) antibody Rabbit pAB WB H, Frog ARG62960 CDK1 antibody [POH-1] Mouse mAB ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB Bo, H, Pri ARG62434 CDK2 antibody [2B6] Mouse mAB FACS, IHC, WB, IP H, M, R ARG51634 CDK2 pThr160 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG54063 CDK4 antibody [3F9-B12-C8] Mouse mAB WB H, M, R ARG51386 CDK6 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M ARG54733 Chk1 antibody [2G1D5] Mouse mAB WB H, M ARG51640 Chk1 pSer280 antibody Rabbit pAB WB H ARG54652 Chk2 antibody Rabbit pAB ELISA, WB, ICC/IF H, M, R ARG51034 c-Myc antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG62456 Cyclin B1 antibody [V152] Mouse mAB ICC/IF, FACS, WB, IHC H ARG51827 Cyclin B1 pSer147 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H ARG52923 Cyclin D1 antibody [SP4] Rabbit pAB ICC/IF, IHC, WB H, M ARG70003 Cyclin E Antibody Rabbit pAB ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB H, M, R ARG62474 E2F1 antibody [KH20] Mouse mAB WB, IP, IHC, GSA H, R, Frog, M ARG51002 GSK3 beta antibody Rabbit pAB ICC/IF, IHC, WB H, M, R ARG51506 GSK3 beta pSer9 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H, M, R ARG62580 INK4c antibody [18P118 (DCS-118)] Mouse mAB ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB, ELISA H ARG63914 KIP1 / CDKN1B antibody Goat pAB WB, IHC H ARG54743 MDM2 antibody Rabbit pAB ELISA, IHC, WB H, M ARG51834 MDM2 pSer166 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H ARG51785 Myc pSer62 antibody Rabbit pAB ICC/IF H, M, R ARG51538 Myc pThr58 antibody Rabbit pAB IHC, WB H, M, R ARG54677 p19 INK4d antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, FACS, ELISA H, M ARG63080 p21 antibody [WA-1] Mouse mAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA H, Pri ARG10519 p53 antibody [Pab1801] Mouse mAB ChIP, ELISA, FACS, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, RIA, WB H, M, R ARG51596 p53 pSer15 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H ARG51599 p53 pSer33 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, ICC/IF H ARG52383 p53 pSer392 antibody Rabbit pAB WB R ARG51601 p53 pSer46 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, ICC/IF H ARG62582 p57 Kip2 antibody [KP39] Mouse mAB IHC, IP, WB H, M, R ARG51103 Rb antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG51633 Rb pSer780 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H, M, R ARG51631 Rb pSer795 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC, ICC/IF H, M, R ARG51632 Rb pSer807 antibody Rabbit pAB WB, IHC H, M, R ARG53570 SMAD3 antibody Rabbit pAB ChIP, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB H, M, R ARG20516 Smad4 antibody Rabbit pAB WB H, M, R