Activation of IL-1 beta and IL-18 by Canonical Inflammasome Pathway

Inflammasomes are complexes formed by several proteins as a platform to recruit, cleave or activate inflammatory caspases. When an injury or infection occurs, inflammasomes can be directly or indirectly activated by a broad panels of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The downstream cascade is initiated by the activation of Caspase-1 which in turns cleave pro-IL-1b or pro-IL-18 into mature IL-1b and IL-18. When these cytokines are secreted, they are able to trigger inflammation process through T-cell or B-cell activations by further induction of secondary pro-inflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of the complexity in inflammasomes shed some light on the fine-tuning of mammalian innate immunity, as well as the onset of autoimmune diseases.

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References:
Henao-Mejia et al. (2012). Nature Immunology 13, 321-324
So et al. (2013). Nature Reviews Rheumatology 9, 391-399